Cardiovascular diseases according to Plan

Cardiovascular diseases: prevention, diagnosis and therapy according to a systematic Plan of actionIntroductionCardiovascular diseases (HKK) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and associated with significant socio-economic costs. Systematic planning in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases can reduce the morbidity and mortality significantly. The present contribution outlines a structured approach to fighting cardiovascular diseases at all levels.1. Prevention: risk factors to identify and minimizeEffective prevention is based on the identification and modification of risk factors. Among the modifiable risk factors:Hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg),Dyslipidemia (elevated LDL‑cholesterol >3.0 mmol/l),Diabetes mellitus,Tobacco,Overweight and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2),Lack of movement,Dietary habits (high salt-, sugar -, and fat content).Primary preventive measures include health programmes, awareness campaigns and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle.2. Early detection and diagnosisDieuführliche history and clinical examination are the basis of any diagnostics. Other diagnostic procedures include:ECG (electrocardiogram) for the detection of arrhythmias and Ischemia,Echocardiography for the assessment of cardiac function and structure,Long‑term ECG and long‑term blood pressure measurement for the detection of arrhythmic events and fluctuations in blood pressure,Laboratory parameters: lipid spectrum, renal function, HbA1c, CRP, NT‑proBNP,Load tests (e.g., treadmill test) for the diagnosis of angina,Coronary angiography for suspected coronary heart disease (CHD).3. Therapy: evidence-based and individualized treatment plansThe therapy of HKK should always be evidence-based and on the individual patient's needs. They can be medical, interventional or surgical.Drug Therapy:Antihypertensive agents (ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics),Lipid-Lowering Drugs (Statins),Hypoglycemic agents in Diabetes,Anti Aggreganzien (Acetylsalicylic Acid, Clopidogrel),Anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation.Interventional Procedures:PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) with stent implantation,Cardioversion in the case of arrhythmias.Surgical Operations:Aortocoronary Bypass surgery (CABG),Valve replacement or repair,Implantation of defibrillators or pacemakers.4. Rehabilitation and long-term careAfter acute events (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) is a structured Rehabilitation of Central importance. This includes:cardiac Rehabilitation (exercise therapy, endurance training),Nutrition advicepsycho-social support,Training for self-management (blood pressure measurement, use of medication),regular follow-up examinations.ConclusionA systematic Plan for the control of cardiovascular diseases shall extend over all the phases: from primary prevention to early detection, targeted diagnostics, evidence-based therapy to long-term care. Through the implementation of such a Plan only individual health risks can be minimized, but also the overall societal burden of cardiovascular reduce diseases in a sustainable way.

Kasabay nito, hindi inirerekomenda ang pangmatagalang pag-inom ng mga gamot mula sa kategoryang Diuretics, dahil ang mahahalagang sangkap tulad ng Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium ay mabilis na nailalabas sa katawan kasama ng sobrang tubig at asin. Alinsunod sa katangiang ito, sinasabayan ng mga Diuretics ang pag-inom ng mga gamot na may laman ng mga sangkap na ito. Maaaring ito ay mga vitamin at mineral na complexes, monokomponent, o mga suplemento sa pagkain na may napatunayang klinikal na bisa. Cardiovascular diseases according to Plan. Ang mga modernong gamot sa pag-imprenta ay hinahati sa 10 iba't ibang grupo ayon sa kanilang mekanismo ng pagkilos. Pagkatapos suriin ng doktor ang mga reklamo ng pasyente at ang resulta ng mga pagsusuri, nagrereseta siya ng isa o higit pang gamot, na hindi dapat baguhin nang mag-isa. Ang mga gamot sa puso at daluyan ng dugo ay hindi kabilang sa mga puwedeng irekomenda sa kaibigan. Ang maling desisyon ay maaaring magdulot ng malungkot na kahihinatnan. Lahat ng gamot na pampababa ng presyon ng dugo ay kailangan ng reseta. Sa artikulong ito, tinitingnan natin ang kanilang modernong klasipikasyon base sa mga aktibong sangkap at sa paraan ng epekto nito sa katawan.

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